A serious public health issue, dengue fever mostly millions of people in the tropical and subtropical locality of the world. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the leading vector of transmission for this infectious disease, which is caused by the dengue virus and requires immediate intervention. Action against dengue fever is required to public health and stop epidemics in the future.[1]

It is a mosquito-borne disease caused by the flavivirus group in the Flavividae family. Female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vector of dengue in urban environments. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 are the four serotypes that can infect humans. In north India, the primary stains (serotype) of DENV are DENV1 and DENV2. Knowing its epidemiology and history helps one to understand the complex relationships between biological, social and environmental elements that influence its spread.[2]

The causes of dengue's global occurrence include rapid urbanization, large-scale population migration to cities, climatic change, inadequate vector control, and inadequate sanitation that creates mosquito breeding grounds.[3]

Three-quarters of the estimated 96 million dengue virus infections in 2010 took place in India the majority of Indian states have ongoing or recurring dengue transmission threats. According to a meta-analysis, 2.6% of Indians die from dengue. In 2022 there were 303 fatalities and 233,251 dengue cases, according to the National Center for Vector-Born Disease Control.[4]

While dengue may present with a low-grade illness, it can advance to more debilitating like dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. Severe joint pain (sometimes referred to as breakbone fever), bleeding tendency, and a high temperature are among the symptoms.[5]

From being a recognized disease, dengue fever has developed into a major global health issue driven by several ecological and socioeconomic factors. Its management calls for all-encompassing approaches focused on public health foundation and vector control.[6]

The department of microbiology at TMMC & RC propagated an observational study, where samples were chosen on the authority to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following approval from the college's institutional Ethical committee the regard was carried out over the span of one year, and satisfactory statistical analyses were performed on the collected data.

Statistical analysis

Tables and figures were created using Excel and Microsoft Word. Descriptive analysis is the basis for the results.

Ethics statement

The institutional ethical committee gave its approval to this investigation with reference number TMU/IEC/2024-25/PG/13 prior to the collection and processing of samples, each subject provided their informed consent. Participants were given a general explanation of the study's purpose and nature, as well as the freedom to decline participation or to withdraw at any moment without compromising their ability to obtain other health services. The data gathered was kept private.

Over the journey of 1-year, this hospital-based cross-sectional study anticipated evaluated haematological parameters in 82 dengue positive patients established to have dengue fever through serological testing in the microbiological.

Table 1: Grouping of cases based on haemoglobin and hematocrit levels

Case distribution categorized by haematological parameter

 The majority of the individuals condition (44 cases 53.66%) had hemoglobin levels fluctuate from 4.3 to 11.99g/dl. Following this 36 patients had haemoglobinequlize between 12 and 18g/dl. As well as 8 patients had hematocrit levels on high 50%.

Table 2: Case distribution on platelet count

Distribution of cases based on HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETER

The bulk of patients 74.40% had a mildly to reasonably low platelet count.

Table 3: Prevalence of elevated LFT Markers among patients

Cases distribution based on Liver Function Test Parameters.

Upraised AST and ALT levels were found in 13 (15.8%) and 10 (12.2%) members individually.

CBC and LFT are often significantly altered by dengue fever, which is led by the dengue virus. The diagnosis, monitoring and management of the disease depend on an apprehension of these changes.

In this investigation, hematocrit levels were elevated in 8 (9.15%) of the subjects; Khatroth S. et al. reported comparable outcomes (16.6%).[7] Thrombocytopenia was seen in 61 (74.39%) of cases, according to a recent study and is often linked to the severity of the illness. A rate of 68.8% for thrombocytopenia was reported by Kulkarni RD, et al.[8] However, a 40.3% incidence of thrombocytopenia and a 32.07% rise in hematocrit were reported by Mummu et al.[9]

Our study found that 10 (12.19%) participants had increased SGPT levels and 13 (15.85%) participants had elevated SGOT levels. According to Srividhya et al. [10] 12–18% of participants in their study had elevated blood transaminase levels. More than 90% of the afflicted individuals had increased ALT and AST values according to Trung et al. [11] who reported noticeably higher rates.

In our study, 56 patients (68.29%) had low blood total protein levels, although more than two-thirds (76%) of the patients had hypoalbuminemia according to Itha et al [12] Saha et al.[13] vice versa Albumin deficiency was reported in 16.5 percent of patient, which is some degree lower than the percentage found in our study.

This study highlights the significance of monitoring haematological parameters and liver function test values in patients with dengue. The morbidity and mortality linked to severe forms of the disease may be decreased by prompt therapies made practicable by early detection of notable alterations.

• Effective management of dengue illness requires close keep track of hematological markers and liver function testing. Important markers that can help direct the severity of dengue and forecast patient outcomes include thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, raised hematocrit, and elevated liver enzymes.
• To achieve a deeper understanding of how these indicators relate to diagnostic end results in dengue fever, future research should prioritize lengthwise studies.

Author contribution: author 1st writes the manuscript, author 2nd supervise the manuscript.                      

Conflict of interest: there is no conflict of interest.

Funding source: Nil.

Acknowledgement: we would like to express the heartfelt thank to academic and laboratory staff of the department of microbiology Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical Collage & Research Center, Moradabad.

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