Throughout the world, caesarean sections are among the most frequently performed surgical procedures. Despite being widely regarded as safe, postoperative problems are possible, with wound complications being a major worry. A major postoperative complication that can result in infection, delayed wound healing, extended hospitalization, and higher medical expenses is wound dehiscence, which is defined as partial or total separation of the surgical incision (1). Depending on patient characteristics and perioperative care, the reported incidence of wound dehiscence following cesarean section varies from 1 to 5%. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, anemia, protracted labor, and emergency surgery are among the maternal and obstetric variables that have been linked to a higher risk of wound complications. Anemia, poor nutritional condition, and a lack of postoperative follow-up are some of the other issues that may raise the risk of surgical wound complications in developing nations. Therefore, identifying high-risk patients is crucial to enhancing surgical results and lowering maternal morbidity (2). Limited information from smaller hospital settings assessing these connections is available, despite mounting knowledge about risk factors for wound dehiscence. Using a cohort of 50 patients from a tertiary care facility, the current study assessed potential risk variables linked to wound dehiscence after cesarean section (3).

Study Design Observational retrospective study. Study Setting Esic medical college and hospital. Study Duration 30 months. Sample Size 50 women who underwent caesarean section. Inclusion Criteria • Women undergoing elective or emergency caesarean section • Age ≥18 years • Complete clinical records available Exclusion Criteria • Patients with previous abdominal wound infection • Patients lost to follow-up • Incomplete medical records Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistical techniques were used to analyze the data, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationships between risk factors and wound dehiscence. A contingency table comparing exposed and non-exposed patients with or without wound dehiscence was created for each risk factor. Statistical significance was defined as a p-value of less than 0.05.

Incidence of Wound Dehiscence Out of 50 patients, 11 patients (22%) developed wound dehiscence. Table 1. Risk Factors for Wound Dehiscence Risk Factor Total Exposed Dehiscence in Exposed Total Not Exposed Dehiscence Not Exposed p-value Obesity 24 5 26 5 1.000 Diabetes 13 3 37 7 1.000 Anemia 26 8 24 2 0.103 Emergency C-section 27 4 23 6 0.523 Prolonged Labor 16 2 34 8 0.596 Figure 1: Risk factors among patients with wound dehiscence

Potential risk factors for wound dehiscence after cesarean section were assessed in the current observational investigation. Compared to frequently reported rates in the literature, the incidence of wound dehiscence in this study was 22%. This discrepancy could be explained by the study's observational design and small sample size (4). Anemia was the most common risk factor among patients with wound dehiscence. Patients who suffer from anemia are more vulnerable to wound breakdown because it can affect tissue oxygenation and slow wound healing (5). The trend indicates that anemia might be a significant factor, even if the correlation did not approach statistical significance (p = 0.103). Another prevalent risk factor seen in patients with wound complications was obesity. Increased adipose tissue can hinder healing by increasing wound tension and decreasing vascularity (6). The most frequent risk factor among individuals who experienced wound dehiscence after cesarean section was found to be anemia in the current study. Additionally, emergency cesarean sections and obesity were noted in a few of instances, indicating that these conditions may be linked to poor wound healing (7). On the other hand, wound dehiscence was less commonly linked to diabetes and extended labor. The study's small sample size may have contributed to the finding that, despite anemia having the largest number of dehiscence cases, none of the assessed risk factors achieved statistical significance (8). Previous research has indicated that an emergency caesarean section is a substantial risk factor because of the length of labor, the possibility of infection, and the lack of adequate preoperative preparation (9). However, the connection was not statistically significant in the current investigation. Significant correlations between diabetes, obesity, and wound problems have been shown in earlier research. The small sample size in this study is probably the reason for its lack of statistical significance (10). Limitations Several limitations should be acknowledged: • Small sample size (n=50) • Retrospective design • Lack of detailed surgical variables • Potential confounding factors not analyzed Future studies with larger sample sizes and prospective designs are recommended.

After a cesarean section, wound dehiscence is still a significant postoperative complication. Although no statistically significant correlations were found, the most prevalent risk variables among patients who experienced wound dehiscence in this observational analysis were anemia and obesity. Postoperative wound problems may be less common with appropriate perioperative monitoring and early detection and treatment of maternal risk factors like anemia. To properly identify the risk profile for wound dehiscence after cesarean birth, larger prospective trials are needed.

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