Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and associated complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional observational design conducted in a clinical setting. The population consisted of pregnant women aged 18 and above, attending antenatal clinics in healthcare facilities. A total of 300 participants were selected using purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria included pregnant women between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation with no prior history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Data were collected through structured interviews, medical record reviews, and laboratory tests, including blood glucose measurements and oral glucose tolerance tests. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used for data analysis. Results: The study found that the prevalence of gestational diabetes was higher in women over the age of 35, women with obesity, and those with a family history of diabetes. Ethnic disparities were observed, with Hispanic women showing the highest prevalence of GDM. Insulin therapy was identified as the most effective treatment, with 90% of women achieving blood glucose control. Lifestyle interventions, such as diet control and exercise, were also beneficial, although slightly less effective than insulin therapy. The study also identified common complications of GDM, including macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycaemia, and an increased likelihood of caesarean sections. Conclusion: The study concluded that gestational diabetes is a significant health concern with profound implications for both maternal and fetal health. Early screening, targeted interventions, and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment are crucial in managing the condition and preventing complications. The findings underscore the importance of addressing risk factors such as obesity, age, and ethnicity in the prevention and management of GDM. Further research is needed to explore the long-term outcomes for both mothers and their children.

Introduction The article is a case report of a young (14-year-old) patient with gigantic bilateral idiopathic gynecomastia, whom we operated on, in order to restore the local anatomy. Case report A boy was referred to our unit, and was admitted for surgical treatment of bilateral gynecomastia. We couldn’t find any pertinent cause, after all blood tests were normal, after an endocrinological exam, which showed no problems concerning the hormone levels, and after finding no drugs or other genetic factors in the history of the patient. The excess of skin, fatty tissue, as well as mammary tissue, made any other more conservative treatment pointless and non-effective. That is why we performed surgery, using a method that is a combination between the classical gynecomastia approach and the breast reduction "inverted T” one, personalized for this case. Conclusion The results were good, despite some minor scarring issues, which we handled promptly. We thought this is a valuable case so we presented it thoroughly, because few gynecomastia patients have important enlargement of the breast region and there is scarce data about this particular issue.

Introduction The present paper is a report about an interesting case of a tumoral mass situated in the upper eyelid of the right eye, which was actually a cutaneous form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Case report The tumor had been operated in another unit several times and had recurred, the patient having undergone surgery in other areas as well for removal of the same type of masses. The patient came to our unit because he was bothered by the abnormal growth in his eyelid, which limited his blinking movements and his visual field. Surgery was the only effective treatment, so we performed a wavy incision and tried to remove the entire tumoral mass, which was situated between the muscle fibers, very carefully, maintaining both function and aesthetic appearance. After surgery we had the patient come for several periodical check-ups, so we could rest assured that he healed beautifully and had no functional impairment. Conclusion The pathology analysis of the excised mass confirmed that it was a non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The results were very good and the patient was pleased to be able to have a wider, normal vision area. When doing our research we noticed that there are few cases of this type described in plastic surgery literature, so we presented this case, underlining the essential steps in preoperative assessment, surgical technique and postoperative conduct, in hope that the information will be useful for colleagues from the medical field.

Introduction The superficial (inferior) epigastric artery (SEA, SIEA), as well as the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA), are superficial branches of the femoral artery. They supply various flaps used in reconstructive surgery, thus their potential anatomic variation is important. Case report We hereby report a previously unknown anatomic variant, the anastomosis of the SEA and SCIA. This was found serendipitously during a cadaveric dissection, within the left femoral triangle, within the subcutaneous tissue below the inguinal ligament. Although it was mostly located above the saphenofemoral junction, the insertion into the SEA was placed immediately beneath the femoral end of the greater saphenous vein. The SEA-SCIA anastomosis appeared mostly as a supplier of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Conclusion Such an anatomical variant is of interest not only for surgeons harvesting SEA and/or SCIA flaps, but also during surgery of the saphenofemoral junction.

Introduction The present paper is a case report about an interesting case of schwannoma, one of the most common benign, but discomfort-producing nerve tumors. Case report We present the case of a 54-year-old female patient, with a tumor located in the upper third of the left forearm, more precisely, in the ulnar nerve, causing paresthesia in the fourth and fifth fingers, as well as pain when touching the affected area. The patient was referred to our unit by a rheumatologist and came with an MRI and an electromyogram, which provided us helpful guidance to the potential diagnosis. Surgery was the only effective treatment, therefore we performed enucleation of the schwannoma and primary repair of the nerve. After the procedure we had the patient come for check-ups, so we could conclude that the nerve fully recovered. Conclusion The results were very good and the patient was pleased with the outcome. As suspected, the pathology analysis of the excised tissue confirmed that the tumor was a schwannoma. We accurately presented this case in detail, pointing out the essential preoperative aspects, as well as the surgical technique and postoperative conduct, in order to help younger colleagues or people from other fields of medicine set the right diagnosis and treat correctly the patients with nerve tumors.

Introduction Limited options are available for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative organisms (CR-GNB). Tigecycline is one of the alternatives to treat these CR-GNB infections but it has limitations due to its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics, whereas minocycline is reported to have a superior PK/PD profile compared to tigecycline. MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of in vitro susceptibilities to minocycline and tigecycline in Acinetobacter and Enterobacteriaceae isolates from various sites including blood, urine, and tissue between January 2014 and April 2015 from a tertiary care oncology, bone marrow transplant and neurosurgical center in South India. Identification of isolates and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Vitek 2, using CLSI 2014 breakpoints. Results A total of 1101 Gram-negative isolates were analyzed (Acinetobacter– 161, E. coli – 825, Klebsiella – 115). Out of these, carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates were Acinetobacter– 122, E. coli – 107 and Klebsiella – 50. Among CR Acinetobacter, E. coli and Klebsiellaisolates, tigecycline susceptibility was 64.75%, 98.13% and 34% respectively and minocycline susceptibility was 66.39%, 26.16% and 8% respectively. Conclusion Acinetobacterisolates, including carbapenem resistant ones showed comparable susceptibility for both minocycline and tigecycline. Hence minocycline may be an attractive alternative to treat CR Acinetobacter infections.

Reaching this year its 15thedition, the International Congress of Esthetic Dentistry (ICED) has become a reference event in Romania and the neighboring countries. While in the last years the number of medical scientific events has increased greatly, one has to carefully assess the program, speaker lineup and topics discussed in each announced event, because it has become impossible to attend all of them. This is not the case with the yearly Congress of Esthetic Dentistry, since the past editions have clearly made this event one of the few "must go” congresses for Romanian dentists and dental technicians.